In health insurance, which of the following is commonly excluded from coverage?

Cosmetic surgery is commonly excluded from health insurance coverage because it is typically considered elective rather than medically necessary. Insurers often define covered services as those that are essential for the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of a medical condition. Since cosmetic procedures are usually intended to enhance appearance without addressing a health issue, they do not meet the criteria for necessary care.

Routine check-ups, on the other hand, are generally covered as part of preventive care aimed at identifying potential health issues early. Emergency care is covered because it is essential for treating urgent medical needs. Maternity care is also typically a covered service because it is tied to the health of both the mother and child during pregnancy and childbirth. Therefore, cosmetic surgery stands out as a service that doesn’t fit within the framework of necessary medical care that health insurance plans usually encompass.